Nepal’s E-Waste Crisis & the Urgent Case for EPR: Policy Gaps, Health Risks & Circular Economy Solutions

Nepal generates over 42,000 MT of e-waste annually, yet less than 1% is formally recycled. Discover why Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is critical for public health, environmental protection, and building a sustainable circular economy.


The E-Waste Elephant in the Room: Why Nepal Needs EPR

A visual breakdown of Nepal's e-waste crisis and the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) solution.

1. The Crisis in Numbers

  • ~42,000 MT Annual E-Waste Generation Projected 2023 Est. (18% annual growth)
  • NO WEEE Mention in 2011 Waste Act Policy gap leaves the sector unregulated.
  • < 1% Formal Recycling Rate Nearly all e-waste is informal or landfilled.
  • 70% Of E-Waste is Hazardous Contains toxins: Lead, Mercury, Cadmium.


2. The Problem: The Dangers of Informal Recycling

Open Burning Danger

To recover copper, wires are burned, releasing highly toxic **Dioxins and Furans** into the air, severely impacting public health.

Acid Leaching & Pollution

Crude acid baths are used to recover precious metals, leading to contamination of local **soil and water bodies** with heavy metals.

Lost Economic Value

Valuable materials like **Gold, Copper, and Palladium** are often lost or recovered inefficiently, wasting valuable national resources.

Health Risks to Workers

Informal workers, often without protective gear, face direct exposure to **neurotoxins**, causing long-term health issues.


3. The EPR Solution: Why Producers Must Be Accountable

Financial Sustainability

EPR creates a producer-funded resource stream for collection and safe processing, removing the financial burden from municipalities.

Design for Environment (DfE)

Producers are incentivized to create products that are **more durable, repairable, and easier to recycle**, reducing future waste.

Formalizing the Sector

EPR provides the framework and funding to **integrate and train informal recyclers**, offering safer, dignified employment.

Environmental Compliance

It mandates the setup of formal, **environmentally sound processing** facilities, ending polluting practices.


4. Call to Action: Who Does What?

Government

  • Fast-track the national **EPR Nepal** legislation.
  • Define clear collection and recycling targets.
  • Provide incentives for formal recyclers.

Producers / Importers

  • Fund and establish a **Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO)**.
  • Implement voluntary product take-back programs now.
  • Prioritize DfE in product lines.

Consumers

  • Demand recycling options from retailers.
  • **NEVER** discard e-waste with general trash.
  • Properly store and separate old devices for collection.

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