The waste composition in Kathmandu Valley is primarily organic waste, followed by plastics and then paper.
Key details:
- An analysis of household waste composition indicated that organic waste constituted the highest category at 66%. Other sources support this, stating organic content was 70% in a 2005 JICA study and that organic waste is the major contributor from households with 161 out of 182 surveyed households ranking it as the primary waste type. This large organic fraction holds significant potential for composting and biogas generation.
- Plastics account for 12% of municipal solid waste in Kathmandu as of 2018, and 15.96% according to a 2013 ADB study. In a household survey, 134 out of 182 households ranked plastic as the second-largest contributor. Plastic waste is a growing concern, especially single-use plastics in urban areas, polluting rivers and landscapes and posing risks when mismanaged or burned.
- Paper and paper products account for 9% of household waste and 8.66% according to a 2013 ADB study. 139 out of 182 households ranked paper as the third-largest contributor. Paper, like plastic, has potential for recycling and reuse in Nepal.
- Other waste types include glass, metals, textiles, rubber, and leather. For instance, a 2005 JICA study noted 8% plastic, 3% textiles, 3% wood, 3% rubber/leather, and 2% other waste.
- Nepal lacks provisions for handling hazardous wastes separately, and waste workers often do not undertake protective measures when dealing with such materials. Hazardous waste, though less prevalent, includes hospital waste, e-waste, and chemical byproducts, which can contaminate soil and water if improperly disposed of. E-waste is often handled by untrained individuals in informal sectors, releasing harmful chemicals.
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